WiFi access point

Using your Raspberry Pi as a WiFi access point

https://frillip.com/using-your-raspberry-pi-3-as-a-wifi-access-point-with-hostapd/

Diese Anleitung funktioniert für alle Raspis mit Debian Jessie (auch mit EDIMAX-Adapter).

Packages

The first step is to install the required packages:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd

I'll go into a little detail about the two:

• hostapd - This is the package that allows you to use the built in WiFi as an access point
• dnsmasq - This is a combined DHCP and DNS server that's very easy to configure

If you want something a little more 'heavyweight', you can use the isc-dhcp-server and bind9 packages for DHCP and DNS respectively, but for our purposes, dnsmasq works just fine.

Configure your interfaces

The first thing you'll need to do is to configure your wlan0 interface with a static IP. If you're connected to the Pi via WiFi, connect via ethernet/serial/keyboard first.
In newer Raspian versions, interface configuration is handled by dhcpcd by default. We need to tell it to ignore wlan0, as we will be configuring it with a static IP address elsewhere. So open up the dhcpcd configuration file with

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

and add the following line to the bottom of the file:

denyinterfaces wlan0

Note: This must be ABOVE any interface lines you may have added!
Now we need to configure our static IP. To do this open up the interface configuration file with

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

and edit the wlan0 section so that it looks like this:

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
    address 172.24.1.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 172.24.1.0
    broadcast 172.24.1.255
#    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Restart dhcpcd with

sudo service dhcpcd restart

and then reload the configuration for wlan0 with

sudo ifdown wlan0; sudo ifup wlan0

Configure hostapd

Next, we need to configure hostapd. Create a new configuration file with

sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

with the following contents:
[Auf die Eingabe der Kommentare hinter # kann man verzichten!]

# This is the name of the WiFi interface we configured above
interface=wlan0
# Use the nl80211 driver with the brcmfmac driver
driver=nl80211
# This is the name of the network
ssid=XXXXXX
# Use the 2.4GHz band
hw_mode=g
# Use channel 6
channel=6
# Enable 802.11n
ieee80211n=1
# Enable WMM
wmm_enabled=1
# Enable 40MHz channels with 20ns guard interval
ht_capab=[HT40][SHORT-GI-20][DSSS_CCK-40]
# Accept all MAC addresses
macaddr_acl=0
# Use WPA authentication
auth_algs=1
# Require clients to know the network name
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
# Use WPA2
wpa=2
# Use a pre-shared key
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
# The network passphrase
wpa_passphrase=xxxxxxxxxx
# Use AES, instead of TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

We can check if it's working at this stage by running

sudo /usr/sbin/hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

If it's all gone well thus far, you should be able to see to the network XXXXXX! If you try connecting to it, you will see some output from the Pi, but you won't receive and IP address until we set up dnsmasq in the next step. Use Ctrl+C to stop it.
We aren't quite done yet, because we also need to tell hostapd where to look for the config file when it starts up on boot. Open up the default configuration file with

sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd

and find the line

#DAEMON_CONF=""

and replace it with

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Configure dnsmasq

The shipped dnsmasq config file contains a wealth of information on how to use it, but the majority of it is largely redundant for our purposes. I'd advise moving it (rather than deleting it), and creating a new one with

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Paste the following into the new file:

interface=wlan0 # Use interface wlan0
listen-address=172.24.1.1 # Explicitly specify the address to listen on
bind-interfaces # Bind to the interface to make sure we aren't sending things elsewhere
server=8.8.8.8 # Forward DNS requests to Google DNS
domain-needed # Don't forward short names
bogus-priv # Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.
dhcp-range=172.24.1.50,172.24.1.150,12h # Assign IP addresses between 172.24.1.50 and 172.24.1.150 with a 12 hour lease time

Set up IPv4 forwarding

One of the last things that we need to do before we send traffic anywhere is to enable packet forwarding.

To do this, open up the sysctl.conf file with

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

and remove the # from the beginning of the line containing

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1.

This will enable it on the next reboot, but because we are impatient, activate it immediately with:

sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"

We also need to share our Pi's internet connection to our devices connected over WiFi by the configuring a NAT between our wlan0 interface and our eth0 interface. We can do this using the following commands:

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

However, we need these rules to be applied every time we reboot the Pi, so run

sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"

to save the rules to the file

/etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

Now we need to run this after each reboot, so open the rc.local file with

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

and just above the line exit 0, add the following line:

iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

We're almost there!

Now we just need to start our services:

sudo service hostapd start
sudo service dnsmasq start

And that's it! You should now be able to connect to the internet through your Pi, via the on-board WiFi! To double check we have got everything configured correctly, reboot with

sudo reboot